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Lab-grown

CVD vs HPHT Lab-Grown Diamonds: What's the Difference?

5 min read

The two processes used to grow diamonds in a lab produce real diamonds by different routes — and the difference shows up in typical colour, clarity and price.

Every lab-grown diamond on the market today is produced by one of two processes — CVD or HPHT. Both produce a real diamond, chemically and optically identical to a natural stone (see our lab-grown vs natural overview), but the two routes get there differently, and that difference shows up in what you're actually buying.

HPHT: replicating the pressure

High-Pressure High-Temperature growth subjects a small diamond seed to roughly 5-6 gigapascals of pressure and around 1,500°C, dissolving carbon source material in a molten metal flux so it crystallises onto the seed — a lab-scale replica of the pressure and heat that forms natural diamond underground. HPHT diamonds tend to grow into a cuboctahedron shape and, because the process is exposed to nitrogen, are more prone to a yellowish tint and can carry small dark, metallic flux inclusions.

CVD: building up from a gas

Chemical Vapour Deposition instead fills a vacuum chamber with carbon-rich gas that's ionised into a plasma, causing carbon atoms to deposit layer by layer onto a flat diamond seed. It runs at lower pressure and requires less upfront equipment investment than HPHT, which is a large part of why CVD now accounts for the majority of global lab-grown diamond production. CVD stones tend to grow with fewer inclusions and better starting clarity, but the layered growth often leaves a brownish tint that most CVD producers correct with a secondary HPHT annealing step after growth — itself a disclosable treatment.

Does the process matter to a buyer?

Not for authenticity — both are real diamond, and a report will confirm origin either way (see our certification guide). It matters more indirectly: CVD's clarity advantage and lower production cost are a big part of why lab-grown supply has scaled so fast and prices have fallen so far (see do lab-grown diamonds hold their value). A good report will note which process grew the stone and whether it was subsequently treated — ask to see that line if it isn't obvious on the report you're given.

Sources: growth process detail per GIA and current trade buying guides (Ritani, Rare Carat).

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